A P Verma Operation Research Pdf
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In most digital circuits, the circuit is designed to operate at a single voltage level. However, applications of digital circuits may require that they operate at several different voltage levels. Hence, in this chapter, we shall look at circuits that operate at two different voltage levels. These circuits may have different requirements on their performance metrics, such as energy and supply voltages. As shown in Chapter 6 on deep submicron effects in transistors, subthreshold operation is generally faster than the other operation modes. Hence, it is ideal for such applications.
As discussed in Chapter 8 on soft-error analysis, transistor characteristics change significantly under conditions of aging, particularly when they are under significant stress. Because of aging and time-dependent variability, aging and time-dependent variability, and time-dependent variability of transistor characteristics, it is prudent to perform soft-error analysis. The effectiveness of soft error analysis is an important criteria to measure the quality of the data retention circuit. Chapter 8 on soft-error analysis described the methods, assumptions, and models used to perform soft-error analysis. The performance of the data retention circuit can be critically affected by bit-flip error rate. In addition, soft-error analysis is useful in estimating the reliability of the circuit for its intended use under possible conditions of stress. A typical example is an estimate of reliability of a memory chip under its expected operating conditions for a critical application.
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